Cuboids, cones, pyramids, and cylinders are examples of 3D shapes. Dice, for instance, is three-dimensional because it has a length, a width, and a height. Compared to these, a 3D shape (three-dimensional) has three dimensions – length, width, and height. Squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, quadrilaterals, and hexagons are some common 2D shapes. So, it can be said that a 2-D shape does not have any thickness and can be measured in only two faces. The object here consists of a length and width but has neither depth nor height. An example is a piece of paper, which has a two-dimensional shape. In geometry, the term 2D (two-dimensional) refers to a flat plane figure or shape with only two dimensions – length and width, without depth or thickness. Thus, circles are two-dimensional shapes that can fit into a flat plane like other 2D shapes. Their different dimensions, for example, can be used to classify them. It is possible to classify shapes by describing a bigger category of shapes that the shape belongs to. There is also another fascinating area of mathematics to be explored and enjoyed, and that is the area of shape! A shape can be described as a geometric figure. Numbers are typically the first thing that comes to mind when we think of early mathematical education. These children benefit from a knowledge of shapes when studying advanced mathematics. By practicing with shapes frequently, preschoolers will increase their ability to comprehend two-dimensional structures. Young kids usually take longer learning about specific properties of shapes, like how many sides each shape has or how it looks. These ideas are based on previous work ( Pattern Recognition 13, 123–137 (1981)) and the solutions to many problems which arose are presented in this paper.Children notice shapes from a young age, even if they don’t know what the shapes are called.

At the end of the paper a related theory “B”, that allows variable segment size as a function of slope changes, is introduced. Using this geometric structure only slope changes are variable the segments size of any shape is always constant. 18, 312–324 (1961)), since the proposed notation does not use a grid (and so depends only on itself) its range of slope changes varies continuously from −1 to 1 its vertices always touch the curve, which produces a better description of the shape and its discrete elements always have the same length. The SCN differs from other chain codes, for instance, Freeman chains ( Proc. This is an important characteristic, because shapes with particular characteristics are easily generated by numerical sequences also, it is possible to perform arithmetic operations among shapes and surfaces. The SCN is independent of translation and rotation (due to the fact that slope changes around the curve are used), and optionally, of size. The SCN of a curve is obtained by placing constant-length straight-line segments around the curve (the endpoints of the straight-line segments always touching the curve), and calculating the slope changes between contiguous segments scaled to a continuous range from −1 to 1. A geometric structure called slope change notation (SCN), which describes two-dimensional (2D) shapes and three-dimensional (3D) surfaces in a discrete representation, is presented.

2 dimensional shapes